Bee Kinds Diversity
Off 2009 so you can 2018, 192 bee variety (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was actually trapped into the Calanques Government Park thru each other on the internet and you are going to pan trap series. They belonged to six family members and you can 38 genera. Megachilidae are some of the really categories-steeped family, followed by Apidae and you may Halictidae, with 53, forty two, and you can 43 groups, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is actually the new wealthiest genus, that have 33 range, when you are seven genera were portrayed about only 1 varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table step one [on line just] ). Utilizing the jackknife 1 and you will dos bots, the latest bee types richness is basically projected is ranging from ± 9.89 and you can ± . The newest seen fullness therefore depicted 71.3 in order to 79.6% of your projected bee richness ( Desk dos). New Chao1 means estimated this new seen fullness to locate 76.8% of your own potential limitation fullness ( Table dos). The quintessential plentiful types is basically Apis mellifera L. (276 anyone), which have Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you can 168 somebody, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 individuals). Eventually, 50 kinds (26%) had been depicted from the just one individual (singletons).
Ecosystem Characteristics from Bees
Concerning your ecological characteristics away from nesting means, we understood 59 unmarried bee species nesting significantly more than floors, 92 single bee variety nesting underground and you can 23 cleptoparasitic diversity, just like 31.seven, 47.nine, and you will multiple.0% of your own done bee assortment fullness, respectively. I thought of four private kinds (bumble bees and you can honey bees-dos.1%). Fundamentally, the new nesting choice off fourteen range are unknown (eight.3%- Supp Table the first step [on line simply] ). Concerning your floral diet plan out-of bee groups, i discovered that 105 products (54.7%) foraged into of a lot bush variety (i.many years., generalist diversity, polylectic) and you will 51 species (twenty six.5%) foraged using one bush loved ones or even you to/pair bush varieties (we.years., professional species, oligolectic). With the kept thirty six bee assortment (18.8%), the fresh flowery diet was not recognized (elizabeth.grams., with cleptoparasitic species). not, really generalist variety exhibited a choice for starters or lots out-of bush group ( Supp Desk step one [online just] ). Toward forty two singletons, fourteen bee categories (28%) had been gurus, and you can 9 bee kinds (18%) were cleptoparasitic ( Supp Dining table step 1 [online merely] ).
A keen IUCN position can easily be bought having 178 variety (leaving out new groups property and you will unidentified systems). Many, 47 designs try classified since data devoid of (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 species were at least worried (LC-69.6%), half a dozen types was close threatened (NT-step 3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you will L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and something variety is thought threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table step one [on line just] ). About three oligolectic groups have been among the seven threatened bee designs. A good. ovatula and you may C. albomaculatus was pro into Fabaceae, D. argentata is basically a professional towards the Caprifoliaceae.
Away from 2009 to help you 2018, 38 variety of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was in fact caught inside Calanques National Playground. It belonged in order to twenty four genera ( Supp Table 2 [online merely] ). More numerous genera was in fact Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 some one), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen some one), and you may Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville into the Latreille, 1828 (13 people), whereas 20 products (53%) were represented regarding the one personal ( Supp Dining table 2 [on the internet simply] ). This new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) were portrayed of the 20 kinds, along with four singletons (25%) ( Supp Table step 3 [on the internet only] ). The brand new estimate of complete diversity fullness away-regarding hover flies and you may bee flies are hookupwebsites.org/milfaholic-review between 83 and you can 97 groups with the jackknife step one and you may dos spiders, respectively. Therefore, the fresh seen fullness portrayed 59.8–69.9% of your own projected hover fly and you will bee fly richness ( Dining table 2).